Vulvar and vaginal cancers are rare types of gynecologic cancer that develop in the external genitalia (vulva) or the vaginal canal. They are often linked to HPV infection but can also arise independently, especially in postmenopausal individuals.
Though less common, these cancers deserve specialized attention due to their location, symptoms, and the impact treatment can have on day-to-day comfort and intimacy.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, imaging, and a biopsy of any abnormal area. Because these cancers can sometimes spread without obvious symptoms, careful staging is important to determine the best treatment plan.
Symptoms may be mistaken for common skin or vaginal issues, which can delay diagnosis. They may include:
She is also attentive to how treatment impacts quality of life—offering resources and ongoing support for physical healing, emotional recovery, and life beyond cancer.
Not necessarily. There are many reasons a lesion or bump might form on the vulva, and most are not cancerous. That said, any new or persistent change should be evaluated by a doctor. It’s common to feel uncomfortable bringing up vulvar concerns—but you’re not alone. These changes are more common than people think, and having the area examined can bring clarity and peace of mind.
Sexual experience and desire may change after treatment for vulvar or vaginal cancer. Surgery can alter the appearance or sensitivity of the external genitals, and radiation may affect vaginal elasticity, moisture, or sensation. These changes are real—but they’re also manageable. Therapies and support are available to help address discomfort, dryness, and emotional adjustment. It’s important to be open with your physician and give yourself time and space to heal.
Yes. The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma, which forms from the surface tissue. Rarer types, such as adenocarcinoma, develop from glandular tissue. Your treatment plan will depend on the specific type and location of the cancer, as well as your overall health and personal goals.
